telecharger encarta junior 2009 gratuitement francais

There is also a claim about an earlier Bulgar Turkic origin of the word popular in Bulgaria, however it is only an unscholarly assertion.

There has been no other documented usage of the word to refer to the region before that, although other Turkic tribes had already settled in or were passing through the Peninsula. The Ottomans first mention it in a document dated from 1565. The first attested time the name 'Balkan' was used in the West for the mountain range in Bulgaria was in a letter sent in 1490 to Pope Innocent VIII by Buonaccorsi Callimaco, an Italian humanist, writer and diplomat. The earliest mention of the name appears in an early 14th-century Arab map, in which the Haemus mountains are referred to as Balkan. Zeus injured Typhon with a thunder bolt and Typhon's blood fell on the mountains, from which they got their name. The myth relates to a fight between Zeus and the monster/titan Typhon. A third possibility is that 'Haemus' ( Αἵμος) derives from the Greek word 'haema' ( αἷμα) meaning 'blood'. Dechev considers that Haemus (Αἷμος) is derived from a Thracian word *saimon, 'mountain ridge'. A reverse name scheme has also been suggested. According to Greek mythology, the Thracian king Haemus was turned into a mountain by Zeus as a punishment and the mountain has remained with his name. Historical names and meaning Classical antiquity and the early Middle Ages įrom classical antiquity through the Middle Ages, the Balkan Mountains were called by the local Thracian name Haemus. The origin of the Turkic word is obscure it may be related to Persian bālk 'mud', and the Turkish suffix an 'swampy forest' or Persian balā-khāna 'big high house'. The word Balkan comes from Ottoman Turkish balkan 'chain of wooded mountains' related words are also found in other Turkic languages. 5 History and geopolitical significance.The term has acquired a stigmatized and pejorative meaning related to the process of Balkanization, and hence the preferred alternative term used for the region is Southeast Europe. The definition of the Balkan peninsula's natural borders do not coincide with the technical definition of a peninsula and hence modern geographers reject the idea of a Balkan peninsula, while scholars usually discuss the Balkans as a region. It had a geopolitical rather than a geographical definition, further promoted during the creation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the early 20th century. The term of Balkan Peninsula was a synonym for European Turkey in the 19th century, the former provinces of the Ottoman Empire in Southeast Europe.

The concept of the Balkan peninsula was created by the German geographer August Zeune in 1808, who mistakenly considered the Balkan Mountains the dominant mountain system of Southeast Europe spanning from the Adriatic Sea to the Black Sea.

The highest point of the Balkans is Mount Musala, 2,925 metres (9,596 ft), in the Rila mountain range. The northern border of the peninsula is variously defined.

The Balkan Peninsula is bordered by the Adriatic Sea on the northwest, the Ionian Sea on the southwest, the Aegean Sea in the south and southeast, and the Black Sea on the east and northeast. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the whole of Bulgaria from the Serbian-Bulgarian border to the Black Sea coast. The Balkans, also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographic area in southeastern Europe with various definitions and meanings, including geopolitical and historical. Political communities that are often included in the Balkans. The Balkan Peninsula using the Danube–Sava–Soča border Political communities that are usually included in the Balkans.

Telecharger encarta junior 2009 gratuitement francais